![]() ![]() This may be as long as three to four weeks. The cannula can remain in place for as long as necessary. Gas escape is best controlled in order to avoid a sudden fall in blood pressure accompanying the sudden fall in intra-abdominal pressure. The trochar is then removed and the gas allowed to escape. With the trochar still firmly in place, screw the cannula in so the spiral flange holds the rumen firmly against the abdominal wall. With the trochar in place in the lumen of the cannula, sharply thrust through the abdominal and rumen walls. Make a vertical incision through skin and underlying fascia of a length equal to twice the diameter of the cannula body. The accompanying trochar is not usually robust enough to penetrate the skin so it is best to make an incision with a scalpel at the intended place of cannula insertion. If bloat keeps recurring, consider inserting a commercially available plastic, self-retaining cannula into the rumen. In severely affected animals, partial release of pressure via flank cannulation before passing a stomach tube may avoid risk of collapse while passing the tube. Severely distended cattle have been known to drop dead with this procedure due to further circulatory embarrassment as the tube passes the aortic arch. It should at least provide temporarily relief. A stomach tube passed down the oesophagus into the rumen may dislodge an obstruction in which case it will be diagnostic and curative. In cases of free gas bloat, antibiotics (procaine penicillin, oxytetracycline) should be administered in case infection in or around the oesophageal groove is the cause. If not, there will be peritonitis, a chronic festering wound and some animals will die. If the stab incision and venting have been done properly, the wound will heal over in two to three weeks. ![]() Clean the wound area, administer antibiotics (procaine penicillin, oxytetracycline) for three days, keep flies away and hope for the best. A trochar and cannula will usually have too small a bore to allow escape of the stable foam. Extend the stab incision to a minimum 5 cm and maximum 10 cm length, maintaining and rotating the knife in the hole during decompression to help the foam escape to outside the abdominal cavity. Prepare the site so it is aseptic and use local anaesthesia and possibly sedation. Use a sharp pointy knife with a non-slip handle. Life threatening distension is treated by venting the rumen through a 10 cm stab incision with a knife targeting the middle of the left paralumbar fossa. The resulting free gas layer is then more readily eructated. If severe, vegetable oils, mineral oils (paraffins) or antifoaming agents may be administered by oral drenching or via large bore needle directly into the rumen. In some cases, highly viscous rumen ingesta may block the cardia and completely prevent the animal’s ability to eructate.Ĭases of frothy bloat, if mild, can be treated by adding chaff or hay to the feed, or painting vegetable oil on the flank which is licked off by the patient. Frothy gas cannot be freely expelled by eructation and the presence of frothy ingesta means that the normal eructation sequence is not initiated by the presence of free gas in the dorsal sac of the rumen. Gas bubbles held within frothy ingesta are unable to rise to the gas layer in the dorsal rumen. Bacterial slime can prevent bubbles of gas created during the fermentation process from coalescing resulting in frothy rumen contents. The influx of fermentable carbohydrates leads to the proliferation of certain bacterial species that produce slimy bacterial mucopolysaccharides (especially Streptococcus bovis). Rapid consumption of pellets without roughage of an adequate fibre length means minimal production of salivary buffers when chewing feed and increased viscosity of the rumen contents. When cattle gorge on feed, either because they are hungry or they are competing for feed, the rumen receives an oversupply of fermentable carbohydrates in a short space of time. ![]()
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